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Table 2 Mean ± SD of the force-time characteristics of the studied groups, number of participants presenting discomfort and cavitation after the correspondent interventions

From: Preliminary insights into the effects of spinal manipulation therapy of different force magnitudes on blood biomarkers of oxidative stress and pro-resolution of inflammation mediators

Force-time characteristics

Group control (n = 5)

Group 400 N (n = 9)

Group 800 N (n = 5)

Preload (N)

202.4 ± 16.38

183.4 ± 14.24

197.8 ± 9.86

Total peak force (N)

N/A

383.7 ± 49.32

807.4 ± 47.71

Time to peak (ms)

N/A

101.1 ± 2.36

134 ± 14.80

Discomfort: VAS

Time 2

Time 3

Time 2

Time 3

Time 2

Time 3

Number of participants with VAS changes

0/5

0/5

0/9

0/9

1/5

0/5

Cavitation: Y:N

3:2

 

6:3

 

5:0

 
  1. Preload: the force applied during the initial thoracic SMT (spinal manipulation therapy) positioning; Total peak force: the maximum force value of the thrust, including preload; Time to peak: the time elapsed from preload force to total peak force; SD: standard deviation; N: Newtons; ms: milliseconds; N/A: not applicable. Discomfort: the number of participants presenting any change on the visual analog scales (VAS, rating 0–10) for discomfort immediately after and 20 min after the intervention compared to baseline. Time 2 corresponds to immediately after the baseline. Time 3 corresponds to 20 min after the baseline. Cavitation: Number of participants per group for whom cavitation sound occurred. Y: yes, cavitation happened. N: no cavitation happened