Table 7 Baseline clinical, behavioral, and potential mediating outcomes by treatment group

Days of BRLP in past week, mean (SD)

5.6 (1.7)

5.0 (1.8)

BRLP intensity (0–10), mean (SD)

5.4 (2.0)

5.2 (1.2)

Days of LBP in past week, mean (SD)

5.5 (1.9)

6.1 (1.5)

LBP intensity (0–10), mean (SD)

5.5 (2.3)

5.7 (1.6)

Low back disability (Roland Morris: 0–23), mean (SD)

12.6 (4.3)

13.1 (4.9)

PROMIS-29†

Pain interference

60.6 (7.2)

58.9 (5.0)

Physical function

39.4 (5.0)

40.7 (5.4)

Sleep disturbance

53.7 (7.6)

51.7 (5.2)

Fatigue

55.6 (9.8)

55.2 (7.1)

Anxiety

52.3 (9.2)

52.6 (8.0)

Depression

49.9 (9.2)

51.6 (7.4)

Ability to participate in social roles and activities

48.7 (10.2)

47.7 (7.1)

Any BRLP medication use in past month, n (%)

14 (64%)

15 (75%)

NSAIDs

12 (55%)

11 (55%)

Non-narcotic analgesics

10 (45%)

8 (40%)

Narcotic analgesics

1 (5%)

0 (0%)

Muscle relaxants

1 (5%)

2 (10%)

Corticosteroids

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

Anti-seizure medications

1 (5%)

2 (10%)

Benzodiazepines

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

Lidocaine pain patches

0 (0%)

1 (5%)

Anti-depressants

1 (5%)

2 (10%)

Missed work in past month for BRLP, n (%)

4 (18%)

1 (5%)

Reduced work in past month for BRLP, n (%)

16 (73%)

10 (50%)

Reduced unpaid work in past month for BRLP, n (%)

17 (77%)

10 (50%)

Self-efficacy for managing chronic conditions†

Managing symptoms

43.7 (6.6)

41.9 (5.9)

Managing daily activities

45.9 (6.5)

44.3 (5.4)

Managing emotions

47.6 (7.7)

49.3 (10.6)

Managing social interactions

46.8 (7.0)

48.9 (7.4)

Chronic Pain Acceptance (0 to 120)

69.2 (19.2)

69.7 (11.3)

Activities engagement sub-scale (0 to 66)

40.1 (10.3)

37.8 (8.4)

Pain willingness subscale (0 to 54)

24.9 (8.4)

24.3 (8.3)

Life satisfaction (1 = Not at all to 5 = Very much)

Education

4.0 (0.8)

4.0 (1.1)

Work

3.4 (1.4)

3.6 (1.5)

Spiritual, religious, or philosophical well-being

4.0 (1.0)

4.2 (0.8)

Housing

4.5 (0.7)

4.6 (0.6)

Family life

4.1 (1.1)

4.0 (1.1)

Health

3.0 (1.0)

3.1 (0.8)

Friends and social life

4.0 (0.8)

3.5 (1.1)

Neighborhood

4.0 (1.0)

3.8 (1.2)

Ability to help others

4.1 (0.8)

3.8 (1.1)

Achievement of my goals

3.6 (1.0)

3.9 (0.9)

Leisure

3.3 (0.8)

3.5 (1.1)

Physical safety

4.2 (0.7)

4.2 (1.0)

Energy level

2.6 (1.0)

2.8 (1.1)

Perceived stress scale (0 to 16)

5.9 (3.4)

6.0 (2.9)

Chronic pain coping inventory – higher scores indicate more frequent use

Guarding (0 to 7)

4.0 (2.3)

4.1 (2.2)

Resting (0 to 7)

3.5 (2.3)

3.5 (1.9)

Asking for assistance (0 to 7)

2.6 (2.3)

2.7 (2.3)

Relaxation (0 to 7)

3.2 (1.9)

2.7 (2.3)

Task persistence (0 to 7)

4.5 (1.9)

3.1 (1.8)

Exercise (0 to 7)

4.3 (1.8)

3.8 (1.9)

Seeking social support (0 to 7)

1.9 (2.1)

2.5 (2.4)

Coping self-statements (0 to 7)

4.2 (2.2)

4.3 (2.1)

Emotional support†

53.4 (7.6)

56.1 (7.1)

Physical activity in past week, median (IQR)

Moderate to Vigorous (minutes/week)

120 (30 to 270)

65 (0 to 145)

Light (minutes/week)

150 (60 to 350)

65 (49.5 to 160)

Sedentary (minutes/week)

185 (120 to 420)

310 (120 to 490)

Fear avoidance beliefs – physical activity (0 to 24)

12.5 (4.5)

11.7 (4.3)

Pain catastrophizing scale (0 to 52)

17.4 (11.2)

13.9 (7.6)

Rumination subscale (0 to 16)

6.0 (3.9)

5.0 (3.4)

Magnification subscale (0 to 12)

4.0 (3.0)

3.2 (2.1)

Hopelessness subscale (0 to 24)

7.3 (5.0)

5.7 (3.4)

Treatment expectations for SBSM (6 to 30)

24.9 (3.7)

23.4 (3.9)

Treatment expectations for Medical care (6 to 30)

23.7 (4.8)

21.5 (3.5)