A comparative study of sonographic and clinical parameters in patient with upper trapezius muscle trigger point following dry needling and intramuscular electrical stimulation: a randomized control trial

Table 2 Primary outcome measurements between group comparisons

	Intervention group		MD	P	SMD
	IMES (n = 15)	DN (n = 15)	MD	P	SMD
Neck lateral flexion
After	38.44±3.48	35.37±3.71	5.02 (2.51, 7.55)	0.000	2.10
One-month	40.29±2.99	34.90±5.12	7.36 (4.84, 9.88)	0.000	3.08
TrP circumference
After	15.65±1.26	17.32±1.54	-2.41 (-3.95, -0.88)	0.000	-1.65
One-month	14.59±2.46	17.65±1.44	-3.81 (-5.34, -2.28)	0.000	-2.61

IMES: intramuscular electrical stimulation; DN: dry needling; MD: mean difference (IMESmean - DNmean); SMD: standardized mean difference

ISSN: 2045-709X