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Table 4 Values of NPRS, ROM, strength, and SPADI for MTrP-DN group and S-DN group

From: Dry needling as an adjunct treatment to multimodal rehabilitation protocol following rotator cuff repair surgery: a preliminary, randomized sham-controlled trial

Outcome

Experimental (n = 23)

Control (n = 23)

(P value)**

MD [95% CI]

SMD [95% CI]

Baseline*

4 weeks*

P value

Baseline*

4 weeks*

P value

NPRS

5.3 (1.49)

2.17 (1.41)

< 0.001

4.98 (1.26)

2.31 (1.48)

< 0.001

(0.379)

(0.387)

(0.475)

0.32 [-0.41-1.05] a

0.33 [-0.43-1.09] b

0.28 [-0.51-1.09] c

0.23 [-0.35 to 0.81] a

0.24 [-0.34 to 0.82] b

0.21 [-0.37 to 0.79] c

A-FLX

111.74 (32.6)

153.83 (12.72)

< 0.001

111.52 (31.8)

148.52 (19.62)

< 0.001

(0.262)

(0.299)

(0.352)

-5.26 [-14.61-4.08] a

-5.02 [-14.74-4.68] b

-4.76 [-14.98-5.46] c

-0.32 [-0.9 to 0.26] a

-0.31 [-0.89 to 0.27] b

-0.29 [-0.87 to 0.29] c

A-ABD

77.74 (26.85)

115.83 (27.06)

< 0.001

87.35 (25.05)

124.61 (32.56)

< 0.001

(0.809)

(0.904)

(0.955)

1.69 [-12.39-15.77] a

0.87 [-13.74-15.49] b

-0.42 [-15.67-14.81] c

0.06 [-0.52 to 0.63] a

0.03 [-0.55 to 0.6] b

-0.01 [-0.59 to 0.56] c

A-ER

44.26 (14.41)

66.43 (10.27)

< 0.001

47.48 (20.04)

66.74 (19.14)

< 0.001

(0.620)

(0.542)

(0.409)

-1.65 [-8.35-5.04] a

-2.11 [-9.06-4.83] b

-2.97 [-10.19-4.28] c

-0.11 [-0.69 to 0.47] a

-0.14 [-0.72 to 0.44] b

-0.2 [-0.78 to 0.38] c

A-IR

35.26 (9.66)

53.13 (12.68)

< 0.001

39.09 (8.3)

52.78 (11.61)

< 0.001

(0.295)

(0.362)

(0.363)

-3.24 [-9.44-2.94] a

-2.93 [-9.36-3.49] b

-3.04 [-9.74-3.64] c

-0.27 [-0.85 to 0.37] a

-0.25[-0.83 to 0.33] b

-0.25 [-0.83 to 0.32] c

P-FLX

128.91 (26.63)

164.87 (11)

< 0.001

129.17 (26.6)

159.48 (20.39)

< 0.001

(0.233) (0.198)

(0.234)

-5.45 [-14.55-3.64] a

-6.09 [-15.51-3.31] b

-5.9 [-15.79-3.98] c

-0.34 [-0.92 to 0.24] a

-0.38 [-0.96 to 0.2] b

-0.36 [-0.95 to 0.22] c

P-ABD

94.52 (21.41)

130.96 (24.04)

< 0.001

101.96 (25.03)

135.57 (30.96)

< 0.001

(0.899)

(0.717)

(0.595)

-0.83 [-14.15-12.48] a

-2.48 [-16.21-11.24] b

-3.78 [-18.07-10.51] c

-0.03 [-0.61 to 0.55] a

-0.09 [-0.67 to 0.49] b

-0.14 [-0.72 to 0.44] c

P-ER

52.65 (15.02)

74.52 (10.63)

< 0.001

55.09 (19.29)

76.26 (18.57)

< 0.001

(0.940)

(0.994)

(0.865)

0.23 [-6.1-6.57] a

-0.02 [-6.6-6.5] b

-0.58 [-7.45-6.29] c

-0.01 [-0.56 to 0.59] a

-0.001 [-0.58 to 0.58] b

-0.04 [-0.62 to 0.54] c

P-IR

51.09 (9.33)

70.22 (11.9)

< 0.001

53.57 (12.14)

70.7 (13.91)

< 0.001

(0.863)

(0.867)

(0.757)

-0.62 [-7.9-6.65] a

-0.62 [-8.18-6.93] b

-1.21 [-9.09-6.66] c

-0.05 [-0.62 to 0.53] a

-0.05 [-0.63 to 0.53] b

-0.09 [-0.67 to 0.48] c

S-FLX

1.77 (1.04)

2.95 (1.2)

< 0.001

1.88 (0.82)

2.91 (1.05)

< 0.001

(0.518)

(0.482)

(0.647)

-0.13 [-0.56- 0.28] a

-0.15 [-0.6-0.29] b

-0.1 [-0.57-0.36] c

-0.03 [-0.63 to 0.56] a

-0.05 [-0.64 to 0.54] b

-0.004 [-0.59 to 0.59] c

S-ABD

1.63 (0.95)

2.5 (1.13)

< 0.001

1.66 (0.76)

2.47 (0.94)

< 0.001

(0.651)

(0.635)

(0.869)

-0.08 [-0.48-0.3] a

-0.09 [-0.51-0.31] b

-0.03 [-0.46-0.39] c

-0.004 [-0.6 to 0.59] a

-0.02 [-0.61 to 0.57] b

0.05 [-54 to 0.64] c

SPADI

74.86 (20.63)

31.86 (18.91)

< 0.001

68.43 (20.56)

33.73 (23.92)

< 0.001

(0.186)

(0.111)

(0.138)

6.42 [-3.23-16.09] a

8.02 [-1.92-17.97] b

7.97 [-2.63-18.23] c

0.3 [-0.28 to 0.89] a

0.38 [-0.2 to 0.97] b

0.37 [-0.21 to 0.95] c

  1. NPRS, numeric pain rating scale; ROM, range of motion; SPADI, shoulder pain and disability index; A-FLX, active flexion; A-ABD, active abduction; A-ER, active external rotation; A-IR, active internal rotation; P-FLX, passive flexion; P-ABD, passive abduction; P-ER, passive external rotation; P-IR, passive internal rotation; S-FLX, strength of flexion; S-ABD, strength of abduction; MD, mean differences; SMD, standardized mean differences
  2. * Data are mean (SD). The baseline and after values provide the result of participants’ assessment before and after 4 weeks
  3. ** Analyzed using ANOVA/ANCOVA tests
  4. a Adjusted to pre-intervention values of the outcomes (as covariate)
  5. b Adjusted to pre-intervention values of the outcomes and age (as covariate)
  6. c Adjusted to pre-intervention values of the outcomes and age (as covariate) and gender (as factor)
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Chiropractic & Manual Therapies

ISSN: 2045-709X