Table 2 Overview of the costs in Euros for people with low back pain in the BACE-C study (mean (95% Confidence Interval*))
| Â | Â | Medication costs | Primary healthcare costs | Secondary Healthcare costs | Absenteeism costs | Presenteeism costs | Unpaid productivity costs | Informal care costs | Total societal costs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All participants (N = 223) | 0–3 months | 95 (39–151)* | 131 (97–164) | 72 (24–119) | 96 (7–187) | 1263 (874–1652) | 32 (16–48) | 66 (17–115) | 1755 (1325–2188) |
|  | 3–6 months | 66 (17–116) | 90 (63–118) | 84 (50–117) | 234 (52–418) | 683 (422–945) | 24 (9–40) | 39 (10–69) | 1220 (850–1594) |
|  | 6–9 months | 180 (38–321) | 75 (51–98) | 86 (44–130) | 75 (0–178) | 824 (523–1124) | 23 (11–36) | 7 (0–20) | 1270 (913–1625) |
|  | 9–12 months | 76 (5–146) | 50 (30–71) | 97 (36–159) | 54 (7–101) | 705 (462–948) | 155 (0–364) | 24 (0–53) | 1162 (823–1502) |
|  | Total 12 months** | 417 (183–651) | 346 (283–411) | 339 (230–449) | 459 (128–766) | 3475 (2523–4427) | 234 (25–446) | 136 (31–212) | 5297 (4191–6403) |
All participants—high costs (N = 21) | 0–3 months | 7 (0–14) | 162 (69–255) | 82 (0–214) | 360 (0–890) | 6568 (4131–9008) | 2 (0–7) | 149 (0–424) | 7330 (4628–10,033) |
|  | 3–6 months | 63 (0–173) | 102 (42–161) | 38 (0–91) | 1381 (0–2813) | 3975 (3416–4533) | 18 (0–41) | 96 (0–214) | 5672 (2941–8403) |
|  | 6–9 months | 54 (0–162) | 80 (29–131) | 137 (4–270) | 565 (0–1678) | 4833 (2671–6994) | 9 (0–24) | 70 (0–217) | 5747 (3336–8159) |
|  | 9–12 months | 56 (0–163) | 72 (25–119) | 58 (0–143) | 263 (0–574) | 3991 (2586–5396) | 16 (0–43) | 52 (0–145) | 4508 (2915–6102) |
|  | Total 12 months | 181 (0–505) | 415 (284–545) | 314 (65–564) | 1904 (244–3564) | 19,368 (14,889–23,846) | 45 (7–84) | 367 (6–728) | 22,595 (17,255–27,935) |
All participants—low costs (N = 202) | 0–3 months | 106 (87–124) | 128 (121–136) | 68 (56–79) | 77 (49–105) | 782 (697–867) | 36 (31–40) | 59 (45–72) | 1169 (1075–1263) |
|  | 3–6 months | 40 (30–50) | 87 (81–93) | 88 (81–95) | 20 (4–35) | 181 (153–210) | 25 (21–29) | 25 (18–31) | 462 (423–500) |
|  | 6–9 months | 111 (89–134) | 74 (69–80) | 84 (73–94) | 4 (1–9) | 159 (131–186) | 27 (24–30) | 0 (0–0) | 494 (458–530) |
|  | 9–12 months | 55 (38–72) | 47 (43–51) | 108 (94–121) | 5 (0–9) | 155 (130–181) | 68 (40–95) | 9 (5–14) | 427 (391–463) |
|  | Total 12 months | 427 (347–508 | 337 (322–353) | 350 (321–379) | 203 (148–258) | 1820 (1644–1995) | 262 (188–336) | 114 (91–137) | 2035 (1937–2133) |
Non-pensioners (N = 129) | 0–3 months | 92 (30–155) | 132 (90–174) | 51 (1–99) | 168 (12–323) | 2162 (1532 – 2793) | 29 (8–50) | 48 (0–101) | 2681 (1991–3372) |
|  | 3–6 months | 62 (1–123) | 76 (44–108) | 85 (38–132) | 406 (91–721) | 1175 (740–1610) | 23 (5–40) | 26 (0–57) | 1852 (1238–2466) |
|  | 6–9 months | 184 (0–396) | 74 (48–101) | 67 (19–115) | 130 (0–308) | 1416 (919–1914) | 18 (1–35) | 11 (0–34) | 1902 (1321–2482) |
|  | 9–12 months | 70 (0–164) | 44 (20–69) | 65 (0–137) | 94 (13–174) | 1185 (793–1576) | 52 (0–124) | 12 (0–36) | 1521 1082–1961) |
|  | Total 12 months | 409 (137–680) | 326 (247–406) | 268 (148–387) | 599 (225–974) | 5939 (4427–7449) | 121 (44–198) | 97 (23–171) | 7759 (6047–9470) |
Pensioners (N = 90) | 0–3 months | 103 (0–211) | 131 (87–174) | 67 (25–110) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 38 (14–61) | 95 (4–186) | 464 (269–659) |
|  | 3–6 months | 75 (0–167) | 106 (67–145) | 78 (41–115) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 27 (3–51) | 42 (0–84) | 338 (207–469) |
|  | 6–9 months | 174 (9–339) | 72 (42–102) | 116 (49–183) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 32 (13–51) | 0 (0–0) | 406 (217–594) |
|  | 9–12 months | 87 (0–196) | 60 (32–89) | 136 (54–217) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 310 (0–825) | 42 (0–107) | 684 (134–1234) |
|  | Total 12 months | 439 (3–876) | 370 (281–458) | 398 (237–558) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 407 (0–921) | 179 (29–329) | 1892 88–2695) |