Variability and repeatability of spinal manipulation force–time characteristics in thoracic spinal manipulation on a manikin

Table 4 Model estimating whether baseline characteristics of the clinicians explain variability in peak force

	Estimate	SE	t-value	p-value
Full model. AIC = 3208.9; BIC = 3278.4
Intercept	− 2230.070	2530.912	− 0.881
Sex^a	− 88.244	63.457	− 1.391	0.164
Age	− 3.414	2.254	− 1.515	0.130
Weight	− 12.82	18.046	− 0.710	0.478
Height	50.084	53.856	0.930	0.352
BMI	12.640	14.606	0.865	0.387
Grip strength (dominant hand)	6.709	2.780	2.413	0.016*
Country of education (Switzerland as reference)
Canada	83.525	69.051	1.210	0.226
USA	75.342	64.441	1.169	0.242
Great Britain	137.451	74.582	1.843	0.065
France	110.539	91.477	1.208	0.227
Clinical experience (0–3 years as reference)
> 5 years	− 8.054	74.296	− 0.108	0.914
3–5 years	56.151	69.296	0.810	0.418
Technique used (bilateral hypothenar as reference)
Crossed bilateral	322.240	40.167	8.022	< 0.001*
Bilateral thenar	− 55.858	159.665	− 0.350	0.726
Knife edge	123.632	56.480	2.189	0.029
Unilateral hypothenar	321.908	60.726	5.301	< 0.001*
Thumbs	20.660	189.428	0.109	0.913
Final model. AIC = 3206.9; BIC = 3238.2
Intercept	76.944	80.337	0.958
Grip strength (dominant hand)	5.279	1.480	3.567	< 0.001*
Technique used (bilateral hypothenar as reference)
Crossed bilateral	323.434	39.530	8.182	< 0.001*
Bilateral thenar	− 80.869	160.327	− 0.504	0.614
Knife edge	129.095	55.118	2.342	0.019*
Unilateral hypothenar	290.973	61.208	4.754	< 0.001*
Thumbs	1.014	188.424	0.005	0.996

SE = Standard error; *p < 0.05; AIC= Akaike information criterion; BIC = Bayesian information criterion

ISSN: 2045-709X