Table 1 Participant characteristics

Sex

Male

Female

11 (65)

6 (35)

State/Territory of practice

New South Wales

Queensland

Victoria

South Australia

Australian Capital Territory

13 (76)

1 (6)

1 (6)

1 (6)

1 (6)

Location of practice

Urban

Rural

15 (88)

2 (12)

Years in practice

<10

11–20

>20

3 (18)

5 (29)

9 (53)

Institution of study

Macquarie University

Central Queensland University

Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology

Life University

Durban Institute of Technology

Palmer Davenport

11(65)

1 (6)

2 (12)

1 (6)

1 (6)

1 (6)

Techniques used in practice*

Diversified

Gonstead

Instrument adjusting

Drop-piece adjusting

Flexion distraction

Activator methods

Thompson technique

Sacro-occipital technique (SOT)

Chiropractic BioPhysics (CBP)

Scoliosis specific rehabilitation

Atlas Orthogonal

13 (76)

2 (12)

11 (65)

12 (71)

3 (18)

4 (24)

3 (18)

4 (24)

5 (29)

2 (12)

1 (6)

Reasons likely to refer for radiography*

Clinical suspicion of serious pathology (e.g., cancer, infection, inflammatory arthritis)

Clinical suspicion of fracture

Screening for contraindications for spinal manipulation, without clinical suspicion

Clinical suspicion of benign spinal pathology (e.g., degeneration, spondylolisthesis)

Biomechanical analysis (e.g., spinal listings, spinal curve assessment)

At a patient’s request or for patient reassurance

15 (88)

12 (71)

4 (24)

13 (76)

11 (65)

4 (24)

Proportion of patients typically referred for radiography

<10%

10–20%

21–50%

51–80%

>80%

2 (12)

3 (18)

4 (24)

3 (18)

5 (29)

Location radiographs obtained

In-house facilities

Medical radiology practice

5 (29)

12 (71)