Fig. 4

Genant Semi-Quantitative tool (GSQ). This figure illustrates the Genant Semi-Quantitative tool (GSQ) using a 3D model of a lumbar vertebrae (original in the lower right corner), which were modified using 3D software to visualize the three grades of vertebral body compression anteriorly, centrally (“middle”), and posteriorly. Figure adapted from Lentle et al. [17] and Genant et al. [36]. The original vertebral model was acquired from the gallery of Eric Bauer and the donor-based undergraduate human anatomy lab at Elon University, North Carolina, USA (released under the Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license; link to source file: “https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Human_lumbar_vertebra.stl”. All mesh-modifications and renders were made using the freeware software “Blender” (Blender Development Team (2023). Blender (Version 3.5.1), “https://www.blender.org”