Exploring the immediate and short-term effect of lumbar spinal manipulation on pressure pain threshold: a randomized controlled trial of healthy participants

Table 3 Post-hoc Bonferroni analysis for within-group and between-group mean differences with p values and 95% confidence intervals

	Within-group	Between-group
Lumbar SMT n = 26	Within-group mean difference (lbs.), 95% CI, p value	Between-group mean difference, 95% CI, p value
Baseline to immediately following	-1.32 (-2.11, -0.54), p < .001	Baseline	0.50 (-1.38, 2.38), p = .60
Baseline to 30-minutes following	-1.98 (-2.92, -1.05), p < .001	Immediately following SMT	-1.86 (-3.72, 0.01), p = .05
Immediately following to 30-minutes following	-0.66 (-1.40, 0.08), p = .10	30-minutes following SMT	-2.25 (-4.04, -0.46), p = .02
Deactivated ultrasound n = 29	Within-group mean change, 95% CI, F value, and effect size
Baseline to immediately following	1.03 (0.29, 1.77), p = .003
Baseline to 30-minutes following	0.78 (-0.12, 1.66), p = .11
Immediately following to 30-minutes following	0.27 (-0.44, 0.97), p = 1.0

Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval, lbs. = pounds, SMT = spinal manipulative therapy

ISSN: 2045-709X